重慶電機常見故障及產生的原因
來源：重慶特電重型電機修造有限(xian)公司 閱(yue)讀：16113 更(geng)新(xin)時間：2018-12-19 16:031 掃膛(tang)：掃膛(tang)一般是由于軸承損壞(huai)，軸彎，或者(zhe)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)時裝配(pei)不(bu)當(dang)，導致定轉子(zi)產生摩擦所致。在電動機的檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)裝配(pei)過程中，應當(dang)保(bao)持電動機各部件的清潔，保(bao)證端(duan)蓋(gai)，軸承等的裝配(pei)合理，不(bu)野(ye)蠻施工，否則導致相應部件受(shou)力(li)變形，電動機無法運轉。
2 軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)損(sun)壞(huai)：軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)損(sun)壞(huai)是(shi)(shi)電動機(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)轉中較常見的(de)故障。導致(zhi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)損(sun)壞(huai)的(de)原因(yin)大致(zhi)有(you)：①軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)配不(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang)，如(ru)冷裝(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)敲(qiao)擊(ji)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)使軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)受到(dao)磨(mo)損(sun)，導致(zhi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)配合(he)失去(qu)過(guo)盈(ying)量(liang)或(huo)過(guo)盈(ying)量(liang)變(bian)(bian)小(xiao)，出(chu)現(xian)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)現(xian)象，裝(zhuang)電機(ji)端(duan)蓋(gai)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)敲(qiao)擊(ji)導致(zhi)端(duan)蓋(gai)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)室與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)配合(he)過(guo)松出(chu)現(xian)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)現(xian)象。無論跑(pao)(pao)(pao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)還是(shi)(shi)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)均(jun)會引(yin)起(qi)(qi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)溫升(sheng)(sheng)急劇上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)以致(zhi)燒毀(hui)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)故障會造(zao)(zao)成轉軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)磨(mo)損(sun)和(he)彎曲。但間斷性(xing)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)一般(ban)情況(kuang)下不(bu)(bu)(bu)會造(zao)(zao)成軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)溫度(du)(du)急劇上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)，只要軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完好(hao)，允許間斷性(xing)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)現(xian)象存在。②軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)更換(huan)，電機(ji)端(duan)蓋(gai)嵌套(tao)后過(guo)盈(ying)量(liang)大或(huo)橢圓度(du)(du)超(chao)標引(yin)起(qi)(qi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)滾珠(zhu)游隙過(guo)小(xiao)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)導致(zhi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)磨(mo)擦力增(zeng)加，溫度(du)(du)急劇上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)直(zhi)至(zhi)燒毀(hui)。③軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)腔內(nei)(nei)(nei)未清洗干(gan)凈或(huo)所加油(you)脂(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)干(gan)凈。例(li)如(ru)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保持架(jia)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)微小(xiao)剛性(xing)物(wu)質未徹(che)底清理干(gan)凈，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)滾道(dao)受損(sun)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)溫升(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)高燒毀(hui)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。④由(you)于(yu)定、轉子鐵心軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向錯位或(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)對轉軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)機(ji)加工后精度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，致(zhi)使軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)、外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在一個切面(mian)上(shang)(shang)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)“別勁”后溫度(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)高直(zhi)至(zhi)燒毀(hui)。⑤由(you)于(yu)電動機(ji)本體(ti)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)溫升(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)高，且軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)補充油(you)脂(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及時(shi)(shi)造(zao)(zao)成軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)缺油(you)甚至(zhi)燒毀(hui)。⑥由(you)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)型號油(you)脂(zhi)混用造(zao)(zao)成軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)損(sun)壞(huai)。⑦軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本身存在制造(zao)(zao)質量(liang)問題，例(li)如(ru)滾道(dao)銹斑(ban)、轉動不(bu)(bu)(bu)靈活、游隙超(chao)標、保持架(jia)變(bian)(bian)形等。⑧備機(ji)長期(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，油(you)脂(zhi)變(bian)(bian)質，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生銹而(er)又未進行(xing)(xing)檢修。
3 振動(dong)：振動(dong)應(ying)先區分(fen)是電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)本身引起的(de)，還(huan)是傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)不良所造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)是機(ji)(ji)械(xie)負載端傳遞過來的(de)，而后針對具(ju)體情況進行排除。屬于電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)本身引起的(de)振動(dong)，多數是由(you)于轉(zhuan)子(zi)動(dong)平衡不好(hao)，以(yi)及(ji)軸承不良，轉(zhuan)軸彎(wan)曲，或(huo)(huo)端蓋、機(ji)(ji)座(zuo)、轉(zhuan)子(zi)不同軸，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)安裝地基(ji)不平，安裝不到位，緊固件松動(dong)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)。振動(dong)會產(chan)生(sheng)噪(zao)聲，還(huan)會產(chan)生(sheng)額外負荷(he)。
4 缺(que)(que)相運行(xing)(xing)：三相電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中只(zhi)要有一相斷路就會造成電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)缺(que)(que)相運行(xing)(xing)。三相電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)缺(que)(que)一相電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)后，如在停(ting)止狀態，由于合成轉矩為零而堵轉(無法(fa)起動(dong)(dong))。電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)堵轉電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比正常(chang)工作的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大得多。因此，在此情況(kuang)下接通電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)間過(guo)長或(huo)多次頻繁(fan)地(di)接通電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)起動(dong)(dong)將導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)燒毀。運行(xing)(xing)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)缺(que)(que)一相時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)氣(qi)隙中產生的(de)是三相諧(xie)波(bo)成分較高(gao)的(de)橢(tuo)圓形旋(xuan)轉磁場，如負載轉矩很(hen)小，仍可維持運轉，僅轉速略(lve)有下降，并發出異常(chang)響聲;負載重時(shi)，運行(xing)(xing)時(shi)間過(guo)長，將會使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)繞組燒毀。
5 繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或接地(di)：繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)分為(wei)匝(za)(za)間斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和相(xiang)間短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，相(xiang)間短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)易造(zao)成熔(rong)斷(duan)器熔(rong)斷(duan)，斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器跳(tiao)閘甚至影響(xiang)上(shang)一(yi)級開關導致(zhi)系統故障;匝(za)(za)間短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是由(you)于繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)漆包(bao)線絕緣層性能差而(er)損壞(huai);，從(cong)而(er)使相(xiang)間導線直接碰及，形成了(le)一(yi)個低阻抗的電(dian)(dian)流回路(lu)(lu)(lu)，使匝(za)(za)間電(dian)(dian)流增大而(er)使線包(bao)發熱(re)，時間長了(le)會使整(zheng)個定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)產(chan)生過熱(re)，最(zui)終因(yin)熱(re)量(liang)劇升而(er)擊毀繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，匝(za)(za)間短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是電(dian)(dian)機(ji)溫度異常升高的最(zui)大原因(yin)。短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)故障可在(zai)降低定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)情(qing)況(kuang)下，通過測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)流來(lai)判斷(duan)，也(ye)可以測量(liang)其直流電(dian)(dian)阻來(lai)判斷(duan);而(er)接地(di)故障大多是由(you)于繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)絕緣損壞(huai)，電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)進水(shui)引起的，在(zai)起動電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)前(qian)，首先應對電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)絕緣進行(xing)測試，合(he)格后才能送(song)電(dian)(dian)運(yun)行(xing)。
6 三相(xiang)(xiang)電流(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)：三相(xiang)(xiang)電流(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)的故障，常(chang)常(chang)由(you)于電動機(ji)外(wai)部電源電壓不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)所引起，其內部原因主要是繞(rao)組匝間短路或在(zai)電動機(ji)重繞(rao)修(xiu)理時線(xian)圈(quan)匝數(shu)錯誤或接線(xian)錯誤。
維(wei)修電動機請及時聯(lian)系正規專業修理廠 。
201209280229436611.zip 